-
1 Royal Aerospace Establishment
RAE, Бр Royal Aerospace EstablishmentEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > Royal Aerospace Establishment
-
2 Royal Aerospace Establishment
1) Военный термин: авиационно-космической НИЦ2) Космонавтика: Королевский авиакосмический НИЦ (РАЭ)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Royal Aerospace Establishment
-
3 Royal Aerospace Establishment
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Royal Aerospace Establishment
-
4 RAE
Royal aerospace establishment — Королевский авиакосмический научно-исследовательский институт ( Великобритания) (новое название Royal aircraft establishment) -
5 RAE
1) Общая лексика: Research Assessment Exercise2) Медицина: правосторонняя ампутация выше локтя (right above elbow amputation (amputee)), человек, подвергшийся такой ампутации3) Военный термин: Royal Aircraft Establishment, Royal Australian Engineers, radar altimeter equipment, range, azimuth, and elevation4) Техника: radio astronomy Explorer satellite5) Шутливое выражение: Rapid Automatic Excuse6) Религия: Revolution Against Evolution7) Оптика: resistive anode encoder8) Сокращение: Royal Aerospace Establishment (Now part of DRA (UK))9) Физиология: Retinol Activity Equivalents10) Электроника: Radio Astronomy Explorer, Residue After Evaporation11) Космонавтика: Royal Aerospace Establishment12) Воздухоплавание: Royal Aircraft Establishment (UK)13) Общественная организация: Restore America's Estuaries14) Аэропорты: Arar, Saudi Arabia -
6 Rae
1) Общая лексика: Research Assessment Exercise2) Медицина: правосторонняя ампутация выше локтя (right above elbow amputation (amputee)), человек, подвергшийся такой ампутации3) Военный термин: Royal Aircraft Establishment, Royal Australian Engineers, radar altimeter equipment, range, azimuth, and elevation4) Техника: radio astronomy Explorer satellite5) Шутливое выражение: Rapid Automatic Excuse6) Религия: Revolution Against Evolution7) Оптика: resistive anode encoder8) Сокращение: Royal Aerospace Establishment (Now part of DRA (UK))9) Физиология: Retinol Activity Equivalents10) Электроника: Radio Astronomy Explorer, Residue After Evaporation11) Космонавтика: Royal Aerospace Establishment12) Воздухоплавание: Royal Aircraft Establishment (UK)13) Общественная организация: Restore America's Estuaries14) Аэропорты: Arar, Saudi Arabia -
7 RAE
RAE, radar altimeter equipment————————RAE, range, azimuth, and elevationдальность, азимут и угол места————————RAE, Бр Royal Aerospace Establishment————————RAE, Бр Royal Aircraft Establishment————————RAE, Royal Australian EngineersEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > RAE
-
8 Королевский авиакосмический НИЦ
Astronautics: Royal Aerospace Establishment (РАЭ)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Королевский авиакосмический НИЦ
-
9 авиационно-космической НИЦ
Military: Royal Aerospace EstablishmentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > авиационно-космической НИЦ
-
10 Griffith, Alan Arnold
[br]b. 13 June 1893 London, Englandd. 13 October 1963 Farnborough, England[br]English research engineer responsible for many original ideas, including jet-lift aircraft.[br]Griffith was very much a "boffin", for he was a quiet, thoughtful man who shunned public appearances, yet he produced many revolutionary ideas. During the First World War he worked at the Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough, where he carried out research into structural analysis. Because of his use of soap films in solving torsion problems, he was nicknamed "Soap-bubble".During the 1920s Griffith carried out research into gas-turbine design at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE; as the Royal Aircraft Factory had become). In 1929 he made proposals for a gas turbine driving a propeller (a turboprop), but the idea was shelved. In the 1930s he was head of the Engine Department of the RAE and developed multi-stage axial compressors, which were later used in jet engines. This work attracted the attention of E.W. (later Lord) Hives of Rolls-Royce who persuaded Griffith to join Rolls-Royce in 1939. His first major project was a "contra-flow" jet engine, which was a good idea but a practical failure. However, Griffith's axial-flow compressor experience played an important part in the success of Rolls-Royce jet engines from the Avon onwards. He also proposed the bypass principle used for the Conway.Griffith experimented with suction to control the boundary layer on wings, but his main interest in the 1950s centred on vertical-take-off and -landing aircraft. He developed the remarkable "flying bedstead", which consisted of a framework (the bedstead) in which two jet engines were mounted with their jets pointing downwards, thus lifting the machine vertically. It first flew in 1954 and provided much valuable data. The Short SC1 aircraft followed, with four small jets providing lift for vertical take-off and one conventional jet to provide forward propulsion. This flew successfully in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Griffith proposed an airliner with lifting engines, but the weight of the lifting engines when not in use would have been a serious handicap. He retired in 1960.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCBE 1948. FRS 1941. Royal Aeronautical Society Silver Medal 1955; Blériot Medal 1962.BibliographyGriffith produced many technical papers in his early days; for example: 1926, Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design, Farnborough.Further ReadingD.Eyre, 1966, "Dr A.A.Griffith, CBE, FRS", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (June) (a detailed obituary).F.W.Armstrong, 1976, "The aero engine and its progress: fifty years after Griffith", Aeronautical Journal (December).O.Stewart, 1966, Aviation: The Creative Ideas, London (provides brief descriptions of Griffith's many projects).JDS -
11 Bacon, Francis Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 21 December 1904 Billericay, Englandd. 24 May 1992 Little Shelford, Cambridge, England[br]English mechanical engineer, a pioneer in the modern phase of fuel-cell development.[br]After receiving his education at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, Bacon served with C.A. Parsons at Newcastle upon Tyne from 1925 to 1940. From 1946 to 1956 he carried out research on Hydrox fuel cells at Cambridge University and was a consultant on fuel-cell design to a number of organizations throughout the rest of his life.Sir William Grove was the first to observe that when oxygen and hydrogen were supplied to platinum electrodes immersed in sulphuric acid a current was produced in an external circuit, but he did not envisage this as a practical source of electrical energy. In the 1930s Bacon started work to develop a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell that operated at moderate temperatures and pressures using an alkaline electrolyte. In 1940 he was appointed to a post at King's College, London, and there, with the support of the Admiralty, he started full-time experimental work on fuel cells. His brief was to produce a power source for the propulsion of submarines. The following year he was posted as a temporary experimental officer to the Anti-Submarine Experimental Establishment at Fairlie, Ayrshire, and he remained there until the end of the Second World War.In 1946 he joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at Cambridge, receiving a small amount of money from the Electrical Research Association. Backing came six years later from the National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC), the development of the fuel cell being transferred to Marshalls of Cambridge, where Bacon was appointed Consultant.By 1959, after almost twenty years of individual effort, he was able to demonstrate a 6 kW (8 hp) power unit capable of driving a small truck. Bacon appreciated that when substantial power was required over long periods the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell associated with high-pressure gas storage would be more compact than conventional secondary batteries.The development of the fuel-cell system pioneered by Bacon was stimulated by a particular need for a compact, lightweight source of power in the United States space programme. Electro-chemical generators using hydrogen-oxygen cells were chosen to provide the main supplies on the Apollo spacecraft for landing on the surface of the moon in 1969. An added advantage of the cells was that they simultaneously provided water. NRDC was largely responsible for the forma-tion of Energy Conversion Ltd, a company that was set up to exploit Bacon's patents and to manufacture fuel cells, and which was supported by British Ropes Ltd, British Petroleum and Guest, Keen \& Nettlefold Ltd at Basingstoke. Bacon was their full-time consultant. In 1971 Energy Conversion's operation was moved to the UK Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, as Fuel Cells Ltd. Bacon remained with them until he retired in 1973.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOBE 1967. FRS 1972. Royal Society S.G. Brown Medal 1965. Royal Aeronautical Society British Silver Medal 1969.Bibliography27 February 1952, British patent no. 667,298 (hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell). 1963, contribution in W.Mitchell (ed.), Fuel Cells, New York, pp. 130–92.1965, contribution in B.S.Baker (ed.), Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell Technology, New York, pp. 1–7.Further ReadingObituary, 1992, Daily Telegraph (8 June).A.McDougal, 1976, Fuel Cells, London (makes an acknowledgement of Bacon's contribution to the design and application of fuel cells).D.P.Gregory, 1972, Fuel Cells, London (a concise introduction to fuel-cell technology).GW -
12 Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
[br]b. 26 January 1885 London, Englandd. 18 May 1974 Graffham, Sussex, England[br]English mechanical engineer; researcher, designer and developer of internal combustion engines.[br]Harry Ricardo was the eldest child and only son of Halsey Ricardo (architect) and Catherine Rendel (daughter of Alexander Rendel, senior partner in the firm of consulting civil engineers that later became Rendel, Palmer and Tritton). He was educated at Rugby School and at Cambridge. While still at school, he designed and made a steam engine to drive his bicycle, and by the time he went up to Cambridge in 1903 he was a skilled craftsman. At Cambridge, he made a motor cycle powered by a petrol engine of his own design, and with this he won a fuel-consumption competition by covering almost 40 miles (64 km) on a quart (1.14 1) of petrol. This brought him to the attention of Professor Bertram Hopkinson, who invited him to help with research on turbulence and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines. After leaving Cambridge in 1907, he joined his grandfather's firm and became head of the design department for mechanical equipment used in civil engineering. In 1916 he was asked to help with the problem of loading tanks on to railway trucks. He was then given the task of designing and organizing the manufacture of engines for tanks, and the success of this enterprise encouraged him to set up his own establishment at Shoreham, devoted to research on, and design and development of, internal combustion engines.Leading on from the work with Hopkinson were his discoveries on the suppression of detonation in spark-ignition engines. He noted that the current paraffinic fuels were more prone to detonation than the aromatics, which were being discarded as they did not comply with the existing specifications because of their high specific gravity. He introduced the concepts of "highest useful compression ratio" (HUCR) and "toluene number" for fuel samples burned in a special variable compression-ratio engine. The toluene number was the proportion of toluene in heptane that gave the same HUCR as the fuel sample. Later, toluene was superseded by iso-octane to give the now familiar octane rating. He went on to improve the combustion in side-valve engines by increasing turbulence, shortening the flame path and minimizing the clearance between piston and head by concentrating the combustion space over the valves. By these means, the compression ratio could be increased to that used by overhead-valve engines before detonation intervened. The very hot poppet valve restricted the advancement of all internal combustion engines, so he turned his attention to eliminating it by use of the single sleeve-valve, this being developed with support from the Air Ministry. By the end of the Second World War some 130,000 such aero-engines had been built by Bristol, Napier and Rolls-Royce before the piston aero-engine was superseded by the gas turbine of Whittle. He even contributed to the success of the latter by developing a fuel control system for it.Concurrent with this was work on the diesel engine. He designed and developed the engine that halved the fuel consumption of London buses. He invented and perfected the "Comet" series of combustion chambers for diesel engines, and the Company was consulted by the vast majority of international internal combustion engine manufacturers. He published and lectured widely and fully deserved his many honours; he was elected FRS in 1929, was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1944–5 and was knighted in 1948. This shy and modest, though very determined man was highly regarded by all who came into contact with him. It was said that research into internal combustion engines, his family and boats constituted all that he would wish from life.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1948. FRS 1929. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1944–5.Bibliography1968, Memo \& Machines. The Pattern of My Life, London: Constable.Further ReadingSir William Hawthorne, 1976, "Harry Ralph Ricardo", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 22.JBBiographical history of technology > Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
См. также в других словарях:
Royal Aircraft Establishment — The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) England, was a British research establishment latterly under the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD).The first site was at Farnborough Airfield ( RAE Farnborough ) in Hampshire to which was added a second site RAE… … Wikipedia
Royal Canadian Air Cadets — crest Active April 1941–present Country … Wikipedia
Royal Netherlands Air Force — Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu) Roundel of the Royal Netherlands Air Force Founded 27 March 1953 … Wikipedia
Royal Ordnance — plc, formed on 2 January 1985 as a public corporation, owned the majority of what until then were the remaining United Kingdom government owned Royal Ordnance Factories (abbreviated ROFs) which manufactured explosives, ammunition, small arms… … Wikipedia
Royal Military College of Canada — Motto Truth, Duty, Valour Established 1876 Type … Wikipedia
Aerospace Defense Command — Emblem of Aerospace Defense Command (1969 1979) Active 1946–1980 Country … Wikipedia
Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum — Royal New Zealand Air Force … Wikipedia
Royal Ordnance Factories — (ROFs) est le nom collectif des fabriques d armement (ordnance) du gouvernement britannique pendant et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elles fabriquaient des explosifs, des munitions, des armes de petit calibre, des canons et des véhicules… … Wikipédia en Français
Royal Ordnance Factory — Royal Ordnance Factories redirects here. For the football club, see Royal Ordnance Factories F.C.. Royal Ordnance Factories (ROFs) was the collective name of the UK government s munitions factories in and after World War II. Until privatisation… … Wikipedia
Royal Canadian Mounted Police — RCMP , Mountie , and North West Mounted Police redirect here. For the TV series, see R.C.M.P. (TV series). For the 1940 film, see North West Mounted Police (film). Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gendarmerie royale du Canada The Mounties… … Wikipedia
Royal Canadian Air Force — The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) was the air force of Canada from 1924 until 1968 when the three branches of the Canadian military were merged into the Canadian Forces. The modern Canadian air force has been known as Canadian Forces Air… … Wikipedia
